Which Ski Resorts Will Survive Climate Change
Climate change poses a significant threat to ski resorts worldwide, primarily due to rising temperatures and decreasing snowfall. As winters shorten and snowpack diminishes, many resorts face existential challenges, particularly those at lower altitudes that are increasingly reliant on artificial snowmaking. This blog explores which ski resorts are more likely to survive these changes based on altitude, geographical location, and adaptive strategies.
How Climate Change is Affecting Ski Resorts
Rising Temperatures
Global warming is leading to shorter winters and reduced snowpack, especially in low-altitude ski resorts. Average global temperatures are rising, affecting snow quality and the duration of ski seasons. For instance, the zero-degree level—where snow can rest—has risen significantly, pushing snow levels higher up mountains[1][4].
Reduced Snowfall and Glacial Retreat
Many ski resorts are experiencing less snowfall annually, with glaciers retreating rapidly. Resorts below 1,500 meters (4,920 feet) are particularly vulnerable as they often receive rain instead of snow during warmer winters[3][6]. For example, in Switzerland, snowfall at altitudes below 800 meters has decreased by half since 1970[1].
Impact on the Ski Industry
The economic viability of ski resorts is threatened as shorter seasons lead to reduced revenue. Increased reliance on artificial snowmaking not only raises operational costs but also poses sustainability challenges due to high water and energy demands[5][7].
Factors That Will Help Ski Resorts Survive Climate Change
High Altitude
Resorts located above 2,000 meters (6,560 feet) are generally more resilient to warming temperatures. They can maintain snow cover longer and are less affected by rain. For instance:
– Zermatt, Switzerland: With skiing available at altitudes of up to 3,899 meters (12,795 feet), Zermatt benefits from glacier skiing that ensures year-round opportunities.
– Val Thorens, France: The highest ski resort in Europe at 2,300 meters (7,546 feet), Val Thorens enjoys a long ski season with reliable snowfall.
Geographical Location
Resorts in colder regions such as the Alps or Rockies are more likely to maintain colder temperatures and better snow conditions. Northern latitude resorts like Riksgränsen in Sweden have longer seasons due to their extreme latitudes[2][6].
Artificial Snowmaking Capabilities
Resorts with advanced snowmaking technology can extend their ski seasons despite insufficient natural snowfall. However, this requires substantial resources and may not be sustainable long-term[5][9].
Diversification of Activities
Resorts that offer year-round activities—like hiking and mountain biking—are better positioned for survival as winter seasons shorten. Expanding into summer tourism is critical for future viability[11][14].
High-Altitude Ski Resorts Most Likely to Survive
– Zermatt, Switzerland: High elevation with glacier skiing ensures year-round opportunities.
– Val Thorens, France: Long ski season at high altitude offers reliable snowfall.
– Whistler Blackcomb, Canada: Access to glaciers helps extend the ski season.
– Arapahoe Basin, Colorado: Known for one of the longest ski seasons in North America.
Northern Latitude Ski Resorts with Cold Temperatures
– Riksgränsen, Sweden: Northernmost resort with cold temperatures ensuring long seasons.
– Levi, Finland: Benefits from long winters and excellent snow conditions.
– Alaska Resorts (e.g., Alyeska Resort): Cold climate ensures extended ski seasons and reliable snowfall.
Resorts Adapting with Technology and Innovation
Artificial Snowmaking
Many resorts invest heavily in snowmaking systems to ensure coverage during warm winters. Aspen Snowmass and St. Moritz are examples of resorts enhancing their capabilities in this area[5][9].
Sustainable Practices
Resorts like Jackson Hole and Whistler Blackcomb are focusing on renewable energy sources and eco-friendly practices to remain sustainable amidst climate challenges[5][11].
Diversifying Offerings
Resorts such as Vail and Chamonix have diversified their offerings by promoting summer tourism and adventure sports[14][15].
Resorts at Risk of Closing Due to Climate Change
Low-Altitude Resorts
Resorts below 1,500 meters face significant risks due to unreliable snowfall:
– Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany: Reliance on artificial snow has increased as natural snowfall decreases.
– Bansko, Bulgaria: Facing unreliable winters due to rising temperatures.
Southern Hemisphere Resorts
Ski resorts in Australia and New Zealand are particularly vulnerable:
– Thredbo and Perisher (Australia): Expected to face severe declines in snowfall due to warming climates[6].
The Future of Skiing and Climate Adaptation
Investment in Technology
Ski resorts must invest in innovative technologies for snowmaking and energy efficiency to remain viable[8][14].
Promoting Sustainable Tourism
Shifting towards eco-tourism can attract environmentally conscious visitors while reducing carbon footprints[11][12].
Year-Round Tourism
Embracing summer activities is crucial for financial sustainability as winter seasons become less reliable[11][14].
FAQs Section
1. How is climate change affecting ski resorts?
Climate change leads to warmer temperatures and reduced snowfall, shortening ski seasons and increasing reliance on artificial snowmaking.
2. Which ski resorts are most likely to survive climate change?
High-altitude resorts like Zermatt (Switzerland) and Val Thorens (France) are better positioned due to their elevation.
3. Can ski resorts use artificial snow to combat climate change?
Yes, many resorts use artificial snowmaking technology; however, it requires significant resources and is not a sustainable long-term solution.
4. Which regions are most at risk of losing ski resorts?
Low-altitude resorts and those in temperate regions like Australia face the highest risk from climate change.
5. How are ski resorts adapting to shorter winters?
Many resorts diversify by offering year-round activities such as hiking and mountain biking to stay profitable outside the traditional winter season.
Conclusion
Climate change threatens the future of many ski resorts worldwide. Low-altitude regions are particularly vulnerable while high-altitude and northern-latitude resorts that adapt through technology and diversification stand a better chance of survival. Emphasizing sustainability will be crucial for the industry’s viability in a warming world.
Kyle Whyte is a notable scholar and professor at the University of Michigan, holding positions such as the George Willis Pack Professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability and Professor of Philosophy. Specializing in environmental justice, his work critically examines climate policy and Indigenous peoples’ ethics, emphasizing the nexus between cooperative scientific endeavors and Indigenous justice. As an enrolled Citizen Potawatomi Nation member, he brings a vital perspective to his roles as a U.S. Science Envoy and member of the White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council. His influential research is supported by various prestigious organizations including the National Science Foundation, and disseminated through publications in high-impact journals. Kyle actively contributes to global Indigenous research methodologies and education, with affiliations to numerous institutes and societies dedicated to traditional knowledge and sustainability. Recognized for his academic and community engagement, Kyle has earned multiple awards and served in various visiting professorships. His efforts extend to leadership positions on boards and committees focused on environmental justice nationwide.